ELBOW DYSPLASIA

By Dr. Blaine Burkett

Elbow dysplasia describes abnormal development of the elbow joint. The most common elbow abnormalities are:

· Malformed of fragmented medial coronoid process of the ulna

· Osteochondritis dissecans of the humerus

· Ununited anoconeal process of the ulna

· Incongruity of articular surface

Any of these abnormalities can cause irreversible elbow arthritis, which gives rise to pain and lameness. Although the abnormalities occur during puppy growth, the arthritis is often progressive. Thus, Elbow Dysplasia may give movement problems throughout your pet's entire life. Early treatment is imperative in slowing or preventing arthritic changes.

Elbow Dysplasia is a heritable condition most commonly reported in the Bernese Mtn. Dog, Rottweiler, Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd, Newfoundland, St. Bernard and Bassett Hound. It has been reported in many other breeds.

The first appearance of clinical signs is often between 4 and 6 months of age. Early clinical signs may be mild and transient.   Forelimb lameness in one or both legs is a consistent finding.   Pain on flexion or extension of the elbow is present.   Joint effusion (excessive fluid within the joint) may also be noted.

Diagnosis of Elbow Dysplasia is confirmed by taking plain radiographs or by computed tomography (CAT Scan).

Treatment of dogs with lameness is aimed at minimizing the dog's discomfort and slowing the progression of the arthritis. Conservative (medical) management includes controlled daily activity, weight reduction, anti-inflammatory medication and providing the building blocks of healthy articular cartilage like glucosamine.

Surgical correction of the abnormality is beneficial for many dogs, but the arthritis can progress, irrespective of the treatment used.